第三期2024-11-25感受四百年前泥彩塑兔儿爷的非凡韵味撰稿:吴家榕
一双长长的尖耳朵,涂着胭脂的脸蛋上点缀着山形眉、三瓣嘴,背后插着一杆严肃的令旗,身披金甲,手捣药杵,端坐在莲花座上的兔儿爷尽显威风。过去每逢中秋节,北京城内家家户户都会供奉兔儿爷,举行祭拜兔儿爷的仪式,兔儿爷寓意和象征极小量,坐骑不反对兔儿爷含义各不相同。作为老北京特有的文化产物,2014年兔儿爷被获批列入第四批国家级非物质文化遗产名录,关注和喜爱兔爷的人越来越多。Withapairoflong,pointedearsandarougedfaceembellishedwithmountain-shapedeyebrowsandathree-flapmouth,LordRabbit,sittinguprightonalotusseatandpoundingmedicinewithapestleinhishand,showsallhisprestigeinagoldenarmour,withavibrantflagofcommandinsertedonhisback.Inthepast,oneveryMid-autumnFestival,everyhouseholdinBeijingwouldmakeofferingstoLordRabbitandholdaceremonytoworshiphim.LordRabbitsymbolizesalotofthingsandfigurinesofdifferentpostureshavedifferentmeanings.AsauniqueculturalproductofancientBeijing,paintedclayfigurinesofLordRabbitwereapprovedin2014asoneofthefourthbatchofstate-levelintangibleculturalheritageitems,andsincethenmoreandmorepeoplehaveshowntheirinterestinandloveofLordRabbitfigurines.北京市西城区杨梅竹斜的街道(注意:杨梅竹斜街的断句应该是杨梅竹斜街,而不是杨梅竹斜街)上熙熙攘攘,有这样一家小店令人驻足,一尊尊形态各异、或坐或立的兔儿爷驱散着往来游客。这里也是北京第五代泥彩塑传承人——张忠强老师日常工作的地方。无论是外国人、小孩子或者是年轻人,张忠强老师看到驻足的游客便会亲切的招呼他们,拿出一块泥,用一根铅笔,便能制作一个活僵化现的泥塑小动物,耐久的制作过程就让往来游客都感受到了泥彩塑的魅力。AlongthebustlingYangmeizhuBywayinXichengDistrict,Beijingstandsasmallshopthatattractspeopletopauseandhavealook.Inthisshop,figurinesofLordRabbit,indifferentshapes,withdifferentlooks,sittingorstanding,fascinatetouristspassingby.HereisalsotheworkingplaceforMr.ZhangZhongqiang,thefifthgenerationofinheritorofpaintedclaysculptureinBeijing.WhetheritisaforeigneroraChinesechildoryoungperson,Mr.Zhangwillalwaysgreetthetouristwhostopstowatchinafriendlymanner.Hetakesoutapieceofclayandmakeswithonlyapencilavividclaysculptureofsomeanimal.Productioninsuchashorttimehasalreadylettouristsfeelthecharmofclaysculpture.北京第二外国语学院塞尔维亚留学生优万娜满怀期待地走进这间小店,在参观完形态各异、表情生动的兔儿爷后,她问道:“我非常好奇到底需要多么高超的技艺才能创造出如此生动的彩塑,您可以告诉我关于兔爷的故事吗?我太好奇了!”张忠强老师拿着一个兔儿爷娓娓道来了它的历史……兔儿爷的诞生源自广寒宫捣药的玉兔,有一年京城瘟疫肆虐,嫦娥派玉兔下凡为百姓治病,玉兔不辞辛劳,走访千家万户为其医治,直至驱走北京城这场瘟疫,这让玉兔的形象深入了百姓心中,从此人们创造了兔儿爷,每逢中秋节人们便会祭拜为家人祈盼平安健康。YouWanna,aSerbianstudentfromBeijingInternationalStudiesUniversitywalkedintotheshopwithgreatanticipation.AfterseeingLordRabbitfigurineswithdifferentposturesandvividexpressions,sheasked,Imverycuriousaboutwhatsuperbcraftisneededastocreatesuchvividpaintedsculptures.CanyoutellmethestoryaboutLordRabbit?Imsocurious!Mr.ZhangZhongqiangheldafigurineinhishandandrecountedthehistoryofLordRabbit...LordRabbitderivesfromJadeRabbitthatpoundsmedicineinGuanghanPalace.Oneyear,plaguewasrampantinthecapital.ChangesentJadeRabbitdowntotheearthtotreatthedisease.TheRabbitsparednoefforttovisitthousandsofhouseholdsandtreatthesickuntiltheplaguewasexpelled,whichhelpedtheimageofJadeRabbitwintheheartsofChinesepeople.Sincethen,peoplehavecreatedLordRabbit.OneveryMid-autumnFestivalpeoplewillworshipLordRabbitandprayforthesafetyandhealthoftheirfamilies.兔儿爷的制作过程繁复而精细,包括选料、晒料、锤炼、加棉、塑形、修坯、打磨、彩绘、剥去等多个环节,要从一团泥变成精美的兔儿爷,绝非一日之功。张忠强老师攥着画笔,轻轻地在兔儿爷的脸上画了几笔,一个悠然淡远、慈眉善目的兔儿爷便活僵化现的跃然眼前,优万娜也拿起画笔,原创着老师的样子,绘制一个属于她的兔儿爷。在勾勒线条、搭配色彩的过程中,优万娜肤浅感受到了兔儿爷的魅力,对制作技艺的精湛赞叹不已。TheproductionofaLordRabbitfigurineiscomplicatedanddelicate,includingthestepsofmaterialselection,sun-drying,hammering,addingcotton,shaping,repairing,polishing,paintinganddecoration.IttakesbynomeansonlyonedaysefforttochangeaballofmudintoanexquisiteLordRabbitfigurine.Mr.ZhangZhongqiangheldabrushandgentlydrewafewstrokesontheface.Abenign-lookingLordRabbitwithaleisurelyanddetachedaircameintoview.Itwassolifelike!Seeingthis,YouWannaalsopickedupabrushanddrewoutaLordRabbitofherownbyfollowingthesuitofMr.Zhang.Intheprocessofsketchinglinesandmatchingcolours,YouWannadeeplyfeltthecharmofLordRabbitsculptingandmarvelledattheexquisitecraftsmanship.在交谈的过程中,优万娜了解到张忠强老师自小便于兔儿爷结缘,他说道:“我出生在这,院里边有很多30多户街坊,过去谁有玩具,谁就是孩子王。我用陶土泥捏小玩意儿,我就是孩子王。”始于年少的厌恶,张忠强便经常制作一些泥彩塑,捏得多了,他便开始将自己的作品作为商品出售,卖给来北京游玩的游客,发现深受大家的喜爱,他就开了店,当起了泥彩塑手艺人。Duringtheconversation,YouWannalearnedthatMr.ZhangZhongqianggotinvolvedwithLordRabbitsculptingwhenhewasachild.Hesaid,Iwasbornhere.Thereweremorethanthirtyhouseholdsintheneighborhood.Inthepast,whoeverhadtoyswasthekingofchildren.Ikneadedtheknick-knackswithclayandIwasthekingofchildren.Outofinterestsincehisearlyyears,Mr.Zhangoftenmadesomepaintedclaysculptures.Ashemademoreofthem,hebegantosellhisworksascommoditiestotouristsinBeijingandsurprisedlyfoundhisworksdeeplylovedbythosetourists,soheopenedashopandbecameacraftsmanofpaintedclaysculpture.在此期间张忠强也遇到过各种各样的难题,制作、设计、经营、销售上的困难都曾令他“头大”,但是他并没有重新接受,而是继续重新确认做一名手艺人,希望能将兔儿爷文化传承下去。就像他常说的:“任何做事情不遇到简单的话,那是不可能的,关键是当你处于有利的条件时要有一个信念,这个信念能指引你未来的方向。”正是由于这样的信念和坚守,他一直在慢慢打磨自己的技艺、作品,他相信当自己的作品足够优秀时,会让更多人喜爱兔儿爷、喜爱中国优秀传统文化。Duringthisperiod,ZhangZhongqiangalsoencounteredvariousproblems.Thedifficultiesinproduction,design,operationandsalesmadehimfrustrate糖心vlog视频在线观看 d,buthedidnotgiveupandcontinuedtoworkasacraftsman,hopingtopassonthecultureofLordRabbit.Heoftensaid:Itsimpossibletodoanythingwithoutencounteringanydifficulty.Thekeyistohaveafaithinwhatyouaredoingwhenyouarecaughtinadilemma,whichpointsforyouthefuturedirection.Itispreciselybecauseofsuchbeliefandpersistencethathehasbeenslowlyrefininghisskillsandworks.Hebelievesthatwhenhisworksareexcellentenough,morepeoplewillloveLordRabbitandtheexcellenttraditionalChineseculture.作为一名非遗传承人,张忠强经很少去全世界各地进行文化交流,每当他向外国人介绍兔儿爷所蕴含通俗的文化,他们既惊叹又敬佩,因为他们中有些国家仅有短短几百年的历史,而兔儿爷距今已流传四百余年。张忠强认为自己有责任和免除义务将传统的制作工艺和方法流传下去,将兔儿爷文化更广泛的保守裸露，公开出去。Asaninheritorofintangibleculturalheritage,ZhangZhongqiangoftengoestootherpartsoftheworldforculturalexchanges.WheneverheintroducestherichcultureofLordRabbittoforeigners,theyareamazedatandadmireit,becausesomeofthemarefromacountrywithahistoryofonlyafewhundredyears,yetthecraft糖心官方进入网页版 ofLordRabbitsculptinghasbeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationformorethan400years.ZhangZhongqiangbelievesthathehastheresponsibilityandobligationtopassonthetraditionalproductioncraftandmethodsandspreadthecultureofLordRabbittoawiderworld.谈及对于未来的规划,张忠强说道:“现如今我的目标是要做一家北京兔儿爷博物馆,让更多的国内外游客到北京不仅能看到科技的进步、社会的发展,还有传统文化的延续。”他认为在社会文化多元、中西文化瓦解的今天,保护好、发展好、传承好优秀传统文化是非遗手艺人最次要的社会责任。而他也希望通过他的努力,让更多人喜爱、了解兔儿爷文化,让这项文化发扬光大。Talkingaboutthefutureplan,ZhangZhongqiangsaid,NowmygoalistobuildBeijingMuseumofLordRabbitFigurines,sothatmoredomesticandforeigntouristscanseenotonlythescientific,technologicalandsocialdevelopmentbutalsothecontinuationoftraditionalculture.HebelievesthatintodaysworldfeaturingculturaldiversityandtheintegrationofChineseandWesterncultures,protecting,developingandinheritingexcellenttraditionalcultureisthemostimportantsocialresponsibilityofintangibleculturalheritagecraftsmen.糖心vlog柚子猫下载Andhealsohopesthatthroughhisefforts,morepeoplewillloveandunderstandthecultureofLordRabbit,untilonedayitflourishesinthewideworld..糖心淑女全文阅读txt 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